zypper 命令详解

显示行号 | 选择喜欢的代码风格

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

zypper 命令 SUSE 和 openSUSE 包管理实用程序，对于其他包管理器中的等效命令。

zypper 命令安装：

-bash/zsh: zypper command not found

# Windows (WSL2)
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install zypper

# Debian
apt-get install zypper

# Ubuntu
apt-get install zypper

# Kali Linux
apt-get install zypper

# Fedora
dnf install zypper

# Raspbian
apt-get install zypper

# Dockerfile
dockerfile.run/zypper

zypper 命令补充说明：

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------\
|                          ____ _   __ __ ___                          |
|                         |__  / \ / / . \ . \                         |
|                           / / \ V /|  _/  _/                         |
|                          / /__ | | | | | |                           |
|                         /_____||_| |_| |_|                           |
|                                                                      |
\---------------------------------------------------------------------*/

zypper 是 ZYpp 系统管理库 (libzypp) 的命令行界面。它可用于安装、更新、删除软件、管理存储库、执行各种查询等。

zypper 命令语法：

zypper [--global-opts] command [--command-opts] [command-arguments]

zypper help command

zypper 命令选项：

General Commands
help [command]
Shows help texts. If invoked without any argument (just 'zypper' or 'zypper help'), zypper displays global help text which lists all
available global options and commands (except those provided only for compatibility with rug).

If invoked with a command name argument, zypper displays help for the specified command, if such command exists. Long as well as
short variants of the command names can be used.

For your convenience, zypper help can be invoked in any of the following ways:

$ zypper help [command]
$ zypper -h|--help [command]
$ zypper [command] -h|--help

shell (sh)
Starts a shell for entering multiple commands in one session. Exit the shell using "exit", "quit", or Ctrl-D.

The shell support is not complete so expect bugs there. However, there's no urgent need to use the shell since libzypp became so
fast thanks to the SAT solver and its tools (openSUSE 11.0), but still, you're welcome to experiment with it.

Package Management Commands
info (if) [options] <name> ...
Displays detailed informaion about the specified packages.

For each specified package, zypper finds the best available version in defined repositories and shows information for this package.

-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number or URI. This option can be used multiple times.

-t, --type <type>
Type of package (default: package). See section Package Types for list of available package types.

--requires
Show also symbols required and pre-required by the package. Available for package and patch type only.

--recommends
Show also symbols recommended by the package. Available for package and patch type only.

Examples:

Show information about package 'workrave':
$ zypper info workrave

Show information about patch 'libzypp':
$ zypper info -t patch libzypp

Show information about pattern 'lamp_server':
$ zypper info -t pattern lamp_server

install (in) [options] <name|capability|rpm_file_uri> ...
Install or update packages.

The packages can be selected by their name or by a capability they provide.

Capability is: NAME, or "NAME[.ARCH][OP<EDITION>]", where ARCH is architecture code, OP is <, <=, =, >=, or > and EDITION is VER-
SION[-RELEASE]. For example: zypper=0.8.8-2.

The NAME component of a capability is not only a package name but any symbol provided by packages: /bin/vi, libcurl.so.3,
perl(Time::ParseDate). Just remember to quote to protect the special characters from the shell, for example: zypper>0.8.10 or
'zypper>0.8.10'

If EDITION is not specified, the newest installable version will be installed. This also means that if the package is already
installed and newer versions are available, it will get upgraded to the newest installable version.

If ARCH is not specified, or the last dot of the capability name string is not followed by known architecture, the solver will treat
the whole string as a capability name. If the ARCH is known, the solver will select a package matching that architecture and com-
plain if such package cannot be found.

Zypper will report packages that it cannot find. Further, in interactive mode, zypper proceeds with installation of the rest of
requested packages, and it will abort immediately in non-interactive mode. In both cases zypper returns ZYP-
PER_EXIT_INF_CAP_NOT_FOUND after finishing the operation.

Zypper is also able to install plain RPM files while trying to satisfy their dependencies using packages from defined repositories.
You can install a plain RPM file by specifying its location in the install command arguments either as a local path or an URI. E.g.:

$ zypper install ~/rpms/foo.rpm http://some.site/bar.rpm

Zypper will download the files into its cache directory (/var/cache/zypper/RPMS), add this directory as a temporary plaindir reposi-
tory and mark the respective packages for installation.

In the install command, you can specify also packages you wish to remove in addition to the packages you wish to install, by
prepending their names by a '-' or '~' character. For example:

$ zypper install vim -emacs
$ zypper remove emacs +vim

will both install vim and remove emacs. Note that if you choose to use '-' with the first package you specify, you need to write
'--' before it to prevent its interpretation as a command option.

$ zypper install -- -boring-game great-game great-game-manual

-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number or URI. This option can be used multiple times.

-t, --type <type>
Type of package to install (default: package). See section Package Types for list of available package types.

If pattern is specified, and the pattern is not yet installed, all packages required and recommended by the pattern will be
installed. A pattern is considered installed if all the packages and patterns it requires are installed. Thus a pattern can be
evalueated as installed even if you do not install the pattern itself, but rather the packages it requries. Use zypper search -t
pattern [name] to look for available patterns and zypper info -t pattern <name> to list its contents.

If patch is specified, zypper will install and/or remove packages to satisfy specified patch. This is a way to ensure that specific
bug fix is installed. Like patterns, patches can also be evaluated as installed by installing the packages needed to satisfy the
patch. Use zypper list-patches to look for available needed patches and zypper info -t patch <name> to display detailed information
about a patch.

If product is specified, zypper ensures all packages required by the product are installed. Use zypper se -t product [name] to look
for available products and zypper info -t product <name> to display detailed information about a product.

-n, --name
Select packages by their name, don't try to select by capabilities.

-f, --force
Install even if the item is already installed (reinstall)

--from <alias|name|#|URI>
Select packages from specified repository. If strings specified as arguments to the install command match packages in repositories
specified in this option, they will be marked for installation. This option currently implies --name, but allows using wildcards for
specifying packages.

-C, --capability
Select packages by capabilities.

-l, --auto-agree-with-licenses
Automatically say 'yes' to third party license confirmation prompt. By using this option, you choose to agree with licenses of all
third-party software this command will install. This option is particularly useful for administators installing the same set of
packages on multiple machines (by an automated process) and have the licenses confirmed before.

--debug-solver
Create solver test case for debugging. Use this option, if you think the dependencies were not solved all right and attach the
resulting /var/log/zypper.solverTestCase directory to your bug report. To use this option, simply add it to the problematic install
or remove command.

--no-recommends
By default, zypper installs also packages recommended by the requested ones. This option causes the recomended packages to be
ignored and only the required ones to be installed.

-R, --no-force-resolution
Do not force the solver to find a solution. Instead, report dependency problem and prompt the user to resolve it manually.

--force-resolution
Force the solver to find a solution, even if it would mean removing all packages with unfulfilled requirements.

The default behavior is 'force' in the interactive mode and 'no-force' in the non-interactive mode. If this option is specified, it
takes the preference.

-D, --dry-run
Test the installation, do not actually install any package. This option will add the --test option to the rpm commands run by the
install command.

Download-and-install mode options:

-d, --download-only
Only download the packages for later installation.

--download-in-advance
First download all packages, ten start installing.

--download-in-heaps
TODO. Download a minimal set of packages that can be installed without leaving the system in broken state, and install them. Then
download and install another heap until all are installed. This helps to keep the system in consistent state without the need to
download all package in advance, which combines the advantages of --download-in-advance and --download-as-needed.

--download-as-needed
Download one package, install it immediately, and continue with the rest until all are installed. This is the default mode.

--download <mode>
Use the specified download-and-install mode. Available modes are: only, in-advance, in-heaps, as-needed. See corresponding --down-
load-<mode> options for their description.

More examples:

Install lamp_server pattern:
$ zypper install -t pattern lamp_server

Install GhostScript viewer, but ignore recommended packages:
$ zypper install --no-recommends gv

Install version 2.0.6 of virtualbox-ose package (any of the following):
$ zypper install virtualbox-ose-2.0.6
$ zypper install virtualbox-ose=2.0.6
$ zypper install virtualbox-ose = 2.0.6

source-install (si) <name> ...
Install specified source packages and their build dependencies.

This command will try to find the newest available versions of the source packages and use rpm -i to install them and the packages
that are required to build the source package.

Note that the source packages must be available in repositories you are using. You can check whether a repository contains any
source packages using the following command:

$ zypper search -t srcpackage -r <alias|name|#|URI>

-d, --build-deps-only
Install only build dependencies of specified packages.

-D, --no-build-deps
Don't install build dependencies.

-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number, or URI. This option can be used multiple times.

Examples:

Install build dependencies of dbus-1 source package:
$ zypper si -d dbus-1

verify (ve) [options]
Check whether dependencies of installed packages are satisfied.

In case that any dependency problems are found, zypper suggests packages to install or remove to fix them.

--no-recommends
By default, zypper installs also packages recommended by the requested ones (the ones needed to fix broken dependencies in this
case). This option causes the recomended packages to be ignored and only the required ones to be installed.

-D, --dry-run
Test the repair, do not actually do anything to the system.

-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number, or URI. This option can be used multiple times.

--debug-solver
Create solver test case for debugging. See the install command for details.

install-new-recommends (inr) [options]
Install newly added packages recommended by already installed ones. This can typically be used to install language packages
recently added to repositories or drivers for newly added hardware.

-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number, or URI. This option can be used multiple times.

-D, --dry-run
Test the installation, do not actually install anything.

--debug-solver
Create solver test case for debugging. See the install command for details.

This command also accepts the download-and-install mode options described
in the install command description.

remove (rm) [options] <name> ...

remove (rm) [options] --capability <capability> ...
Remove (uninstall) packages.

The packages can be selected by their name or by a capability they provide. For details on package selection see the install com-
mand description.

-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number, or URI. This option can be used multiple times.

-t, --type <type>
Type of package (default: package). See section Package Types for list of available package types.

Since patches are not installed in sense of copying files or recording a database entry, they cannot be uninstalled, even though
zypper shows them as installed. The installed status is determined solely based on the installed status of its required dependen-
cies. If these dependencies are satisified, the patch is rendered installed.

Uninstallation of patterns is currently not implemented.

-n, --name
Select packages by their name (default).

-C, --capability
Select packages by capabilities.

--debug-solver
Create solver test case for debugging. See the install command for details.

-R, --no-force-resolution
Do not force the solver to find a solution. Instead, report dependency problem and prompt the user to resolve it manually.

--force-resolution
Force the solver to find a solution, even if it would mean removing all packages with unfulfilled requirements.

The default behavior is 'force' in the interactive mode and 'no-force' in the non-interactive mode. If this option is specified, it
takes the preference.

-D, --dry-run
Test the removal of packages, do not actually remove anything. This option will add the --test option to the rpm commands run by the
remove command.

Update Management Commands
list-updates (lu) [options]
List available updates.

This command will list only installable updates, i.e. updates which have no dependency problems, or which do not change package ven-
dor. This list is what the update command will propose to install. To list all packages for which newer version are available, use
--all option.

-t, --type <type>
Type of package (default: package). See section Package Types for list of available package types.

If patch is specified, zypper acts as if the list-patches command was executed.

-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number, or URI. This option can be used multiple times.

-a, --all
List all packages for which newer versions are available, regardles whether they are installable or not.

--best-effort
See the update command for description.

update (up) [options] [packagename] ...
Update installed packages with newer versions, where possible.

This command will not update packages which would require change of package vendor unless the vendor is specified in /etc/zypp/ven-
dors.d, or which would require manual resolution of problems with dependencies. Such non-installable updates will then be listed in
separate section of the summary as "The following package updates will NOT be installed:".

To update individual packages, specify one or more package names. You can use the '*' and '?' wildcard characters in the package
names to specify multiple packages matching the pattern.

-t, --type <type>
Type of package (default: package). See section Package Types for list of available package types.

If patch is specified, zypper acts as if the patche command was executed.

-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number, or URI. This option can be used multiple times.

--skip-interactive
This will skip interactive patches, that is, those that need reboot, contain a message, or update a package whose license needs to
be confirmed.

--debug-solver
Create solver test case for debugging. See the install command for details.

--no-recommends
By default, zypper installs also packages recommended by the requested ones. This option causes the recomended packages to be
ignored and only the required ones to be installed.

-R, --no-force-resolution
Do not force the solver to find a solution. Instead, report dependency problem and prompt the user to resolve it manually.

--force-resolution
Force the solver to find a solution, even if it would mean removing all packages with unfulfilled requirements.

The default behavior is 'no-force'. If this option is specified, it takes the preference.

-D, --dry-run
Test the update, do not actually install or update any package. This option will add the --test option to the rpm commands run by
the update command.

--best-effort
Do a 'best effort' approach to update. This method does not explicitly select packages with best version and architecture, but
instead requests installation of a package with higher version than the installed one and leaves the rest on the dependency solver.
This method is always used for packages, and is optional for products and patterns. It is not applicable to patches.

This command also accepts the download-and-install mode options described
in the install command description.

list-patches (lp) [options]
List all available needed patches.

This command is similar to 'zypper list-updates -t patch'.

Note that since the arguments of some of the following options are not required, they must be specified using '=' instead of a
space.

-b, --bugzilla[=#]
List available needed patches for all Bugzilla issues, or issues whose number matches the given string.

--cve[=#]
List available needed patches for all CVE issues, or issues whose number matches the given string.

--issues[=string]
Look for issues whose number, summary, or description matches the specified string. Issues found by number are displayed separately
from those found by descriptions. In the latter case, use zypper patch-info <patchname> to get information about issues the patch
fixes.

-a, --all
By default, only patches that are relevant and needed on your system are listed. This option causes all available released patches
to be listed. This option can be combined with all the rest of the list-updates command options.

-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number, or URI. This option can be used multiple times.

patch-check (pchk)
Check for patches. Displays a count of applicable patches and how many of them have the security category.

See also the EXIT CODES section for details on exit status of 0, 100, and 101 returned by this command.

-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Check for patches only in the repository specified by the alias, name, number, or URI. This option can be used multiple times.

patch [options]
Install all available needed patches.

If there are patches that affect the package management itself, those will be installed first and you will be asked to run the patch
command again.

This command is similar to 'zypper update -t patch'.

-b, --bugzilla <#>
Install patch fixing a Bugzilla issue specified by number. Use list-patches --bugzilla command to get a list of available needed
patches for specific issues.

--cve <#>
Install patch fixing a MITRE's CVE issue specified by number. Use list-patches --cve command to get a list of available needed
patches for specific issues.

-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number, or URI. This option can be used multiple times.

--skip-interactive
Skip interactive patches.

--with-interactive
Avoid skipping of interactive patches when in non-interactive mode.

-l, --auto-agree-with-licenses
See the update command for description of this option.

--no-recommends
By default, zypper installs also packages recommended by the requested ones. This option causes the recomended packages to be
ignored and only the required ones to be installed.

--debug-solver
Create test case for debugging of dependency resolver.

-D, --dry-run
Test the update, do not actually update.

This command also accepts the download-and-install mode options described
in the install command description.

dist-upgrade (dup) [options]
Perform a distribution upgrade. This command applies the state of (specified) repositories onto the system; upgrades (or even down-
grades) installed packages to versions found in repositories, removes packages that are no longer in the repositories and pose a
dependency problem for the upgrade, handles package splits and renames, etc.

If no repositories are specified via --from or --repo options, zypper will do the upgrade with all defined repositories. This can be
a problem if the system contains conflicting repositories, like repositories for two different distribution releases. This often
happens if one forgets to remove older release repository after adding a new one, say openSUSE 11.1 and openSUSE 11.2.

To avoid the above trouble, you can specify the repositories from which to do the upgrade using the --from or --repo options. The
difference between these two is that when --repo is used, zypper acts as if it knew only the specified repositories, while with
--from zypper can eventually use also the rest of enabled repositories to satisfy package dependencies.

--from <alias|name|#|URI>
Restricts the upgrade to the specified repositories (the option can be used multiple times) only, but can satisfy dependencies also
from the rest of enabled repositories.

-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number, or URI. This option can be used multiple times.

--no-recommends
By default, zypper installs also packages recommended by the requested ones. This option causes the recomended packages to be
ignored and only the required ones to be installed.

--debug-solver
Create solver test case for debugging. See the install command for details.

-D, --dry-run
Test the upgrade, do not actually install or update any package. This option will add the --test option to the rpm commands run by
the dist-upgrade command.

This command also accepts the download-and-install mode options described
in the install command description.

Examples:

Upgrade the system using 'factory' and 'packman' repository:
$ zypper install zypper libzypp
$ zypper dup --from factory --from packman

Query Commands
search (se) [options] [querystring] ...
Search for packages matching given strings. * (any substring) and ? (any character) wildcards can also be used within search
strings.

Results of search are printed in a table with following columns: S (status), Catalog, Type (type of package), Name, Version, Arch
(architecture). The status column can contain the following values: i - installed, v - another version installed, or an empty space
for neither of the former cases.

The 'v' status is only shown if the version or the repository matters (--details or --repo is used), and the installed version dif-
fers from the one listed or is from a repository other than specified.

This command accepts the following options:

--match-all
Search for a match to all search strings (default).

--match-any
Search for a match to any of the search strings.

--match-substrings
Matches for search strings may be partial words (default).

--match-words
Matches for search strings may only be whole words.

--match-exact
Searches for an exact name of the package.

-d, --search-descriptions
Search also in summaries and descriptions.

-C, --case-sensitive
Perform case-sensitive search.

-i, --installed-only
Show only packages that are already installed.

-u, --uninstalled-only
Show only packages that are not currently installed.

-t, --type <type>
Search only for packages of specified type. See section Package Types for list of available package types. Multiple -t option are
allowed.

See also the type-specific query commands like packages, patterns, etc.

-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Work only with the repository specified by the alias, name, number, or URI. This option can be used multiple times.

--sort-by-name
Sort packages by name (default).

--sort-by-repo
Sort packages by catalog, not by name.

-s, --details
Show all available versions of found packages, each version in each repository on a separate line.

Examples:

Search for YaST packages (quote the string to prevent the shell from expanding the wildcard):
$ zypper se 'yast*'

Show all available versions of package 'kernel-default':
$ zypper se -s --match-exact kernel-default

Look for RSI acronym (case-sensitively), also in summaries and descriptions:
$ zypper se -dC --match-words RSI

packages (pa) [options] [repository] ...
List all available packages or all packages from specified repositories. Similar to zypper search -s -t package.

-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Just another means to specify repositories.

-i, --installed-only
Show only installed packages.

-u, --uninstalled-only
Show only packages which are not installed.

patches (pch) [options] [repository] ...
List all available patches from specified repositories, including those not needed. Similar to zypper search -s -t patch.

-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Just another means to specify repositories.

patterns (pt) [options] [repository] ...
List all available patterns or all patterns from specified repositories. Similar to zypper search -s -t pattern.

-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Just another means to specify repositories.

-i, --installed-only
Show only installed patterns.

-u, --uninstalled-only
Show only patterns which are not installed.

products (pd) [options] [repository] ...
List all available products or all products from specified repositories. Similar to zypper search -s -t product, but shows also the
type of the product (base, add-on).

-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Just another means to specify repositories.

-i, --installed-only
Show only installed products.

-u, --uninstalled-only
Show only products which are not installed.

what-provides (wp) <capability>
List all packages providing the specified capability. See also the install command for hint about capabilities.

Repository Management
Zypper is able to work with YaST, RPM-MD (yum) software repositories, and plain directories containing .rpm files.

Repositories are primarily identified using their URI or alias. Alias serves as a shorthand for the long URI or name of the repository.
The name of the repository should briefly describe the repository and is shown to the user in tables and messages. The name is not
required, and if not known, the alias is shown instead. The alias is required and uniquely identifies the repository on the system.

The alias, name, URI, or the number from zypper repos list can be used to specify a repository as an argument of various zypper commands
and options like refresh, --repo, or --from.

Apart from the above, repositories have several other properties which can be set using the commands described in this section below, or by
manually editing the repository definition files (.repo files, see section FILES).

addrepo (ar) [options] <URI> <alias>

addrepo (ar) [options] <FILE.repo>

Add a new repository specified by URI and assign specified alias to it or specify URI to a .repo file.

Newly added repositories have auto-refresh disabled by default (except for repositories imported from a .repo, having the auto-
refresh enabled). To enable auto-refresh, use the --refresh option of the modifyrepo command.

Also, this command does not automatically refresh the newly added repositories. The repositories will get refreshed when used for
the first time, or you can use the refresh command after finishing your modifications with *repo commands. See also METADATA
REFRESH POLICY section for more details.

-r, --repo <file.repo>
Read URI and alias from specified .repo file

-t, --type <type>
Type of repository (yast2, rpm-md, or plaindir). There are several aliases defined for these types: yast2 - susetags, yast, YaST,
YaST2, YAST; rpm-md - repomd, rpmmd, yum, YUM; plaindir - Plaindir.

-d, --disable
Add the repository as disabled. Repositories are added as enabled by default.

-c, --check
Probe given URI.

-C, --nocheck
Don't probe URI, probe later during refresh.

-n, --name
Specify descriptive name for the repository.

-k, --keep-packages
Enable RPM files caching for the repository.

-K, --no-keep-packages
Disable RPM files caching.

-f, --refresh
Enable autorefresh of the repository. The autorefresh is disabled by default when adding new repositories.

Examples:

Add an HTTP repository, probe it, name it 'Packman 11.1 repo', and use 'packman' as alias:
$ zypper ar -c -n 'Packman 11.1 repo' http://packman.iu-bremen.de/suse/11.1 packman

Add repositories from a repo file:
$ zypper ar http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/zypp:/svn/openSUSE_Factory/zypp:svn.repo
$ zypper ar myreposbackup.repo

removerepo (rr) [options] <alias|name|#|URI> ...
Delete repositories specified by aliases, names, numbers or URIs.

--loose-auth
Ignore user authentication data in the URI

--loose-query
Ignore query string in the URI

repos (lr) [options] [repo] ...
List all defined repositories or show detailed information about those specified as arguments

If no arguments are given, the following data are printed for each repository found on the sytem: # (repository number), Enabled
(whether the repository is enabled), Refresh (whether auto-refresh is enabled for the repository), Type (rpm-md, yast2, plaindir),
Alias (shorthand for Name), and Name. Other columns can be added using the options listed below.

Repository number is a unique identifier of the repository in current set of repositories. If you add, remove or change a reposi-
tory, the numbers may change. Keep that in mind when using the numbers with the repository handling commands. On the other hand,
using the alias instead of the number is always safe.

To show detailed information about specific repositories, specify them as arguments, either by alias, name, number from simple zyp-
per lr, or by URI; e.g. fB zypper lr factory, or zypper lr 2.

-e, --export <FILE.repo|->
This option causes zypper to write repository definition of all defined repositories into a single file in repo file format. If '-'
is specified instead of a file name, the repositories will be written to the standard output.

-u, --uri
Add base URI column to the output.

-p, --priority
Add repository priority column to the output.

-d, --details
Show more information like URI, priority, type, etc.

-U, --sort-by-uri
Add base URI column and sort the list it.

-P, --sort-by-priority
Add repository priority column and sort the list by it.

-A, --sort-by-alias
Sort the list by alias.

-N, --sort-by-name
Sort the list by name.

Examples:

Backup your repository setup:
$ zypper repos -e myreposbackup.repo

List repositories with their URIs and priorities:
$ zypper lr -pu

renamerepo (nr) <alias|name|#|URI> <new-alias>
Assign new alias to the repository specified by alias, name, number, or URI.

Example:

Rename repository number 8 to 'myrepo' (useful if the repo has some dreadful alias which is not usable on the command line).
$ zypper nr 8 myrepo

modifyrepo (mr) <options> <alias|name|#|URI> ...

modifyrepo (mr) <options> <--all|--remote|--local|--medium-type>
Modify properties of repositories specified by alias, name, number, or URI or one of the aggregate options.

-e, --enable
Enable the repository.

-d, --disable
Disable the repository.

-r, --refresh
Enable auto-refresh for the repository.

-R, --no-refresh
Disable auto-refresh for the repository.

-p, --priority <positive-integer>
Set priority of the repository. Priority of 1 is the highest, the higher the number the lower the priority. Default priority is 99.
Packages from repositories with higher priority will be preferred even in case there is a higher installable version available in
the repository with a lower priority.

-n, --name
Set a descriptive name for the repository.

-k, --keep-packages
Enable RPM files caching.

-K, --no-keep-packages
Disable RPM files caching.

-a, --all
Apply changes to all repositories.

-l, --local
Apply changes to all local repositories.

-t, --remote
Apply changes to all remote repositories (http/https/ftp).

-m, --medium-type <type>
Apply changes to repositories of specified type. The type corresponds to the repository URI scheme identifier like http, dvd, etc.
You can find complete list of valid types at http://en.opensuse.org/Libzypp/URI.

Examples:

Enable keeping of packages for all remote repositories:
$ zypper mr -kt

Enable repository 'updates' and switch on autorefresh for the repo:
$ zypper mr -er updates

Disable all repositories:
$ zypper mr -da

refresh (ref) [alias|name|#|URI] ...
Refresh repositories specified by their alias, name, number, or URI. If no repositories are specified, all enabled repositories will
be refreshed.

See also METADATA REFRESH POLICY section for more details.

-f, --force
Force a complete refresh of specified repositories. This option will cause both the download of raw metadata and parsing of the
metadata to be forced even if everything indicates a refresh is not needed.

-b, --force-build
Force only reparsing of cached metadata and rebuilding of the database. Raw metadata download will not be forced.

-d, --force-download
Force only download of current copy of repository metadata. Parsing and rebuild of the database will not be forced.

-B, --build-only
Only parse the metadata and build the database, don't download raw metadata into the cache. This will enable you to repair damaged
database from cached data without accessing network at all.

-D, --download-only
Only download the raw metadata, don't parse it or build the database.

-s, --services
Refresh also services before refreshing repositories.

clean (cc) [options] [alias|name|#|URI] ...
Clean the local caches for all known or specified repositories. By default,
only caches of downloaded packages are cleaned.

-m, --metadata
Clean repository metadata cache instead of package cache.

-M, --raw-metadata
Clean repository raw metadata cache instead of package cache.

-a, --all
Clean both repository metadata and package caches.

Service Management
The services, addservice, removeservice, modifyservice, and refresh-services commands serve for manipulating services. A service is speci-
fied by its URI and needs to have a unique alias defined (among both services and repositories).

Standalone repositories (not belonging to any service) are treated like services, too. The ls command will list them, ms command will mod-
ify them, etc. Repository specific options, like --keep-packages are not available here, though. You can use repository handling commands
to manipulate them.

addservice (as) [options] <URI> <alias>
Adds a service specified by URI to the system. The alias must be unique and serves to identify the service.

Newly added services are not refereshed automatically. Use the refresh-services command to refresh them. Zypper does not access the
service URI when adding the service, so the type of the services is unknown until it is refreshed.

This command also allows to add also ordinary repositories when used with --type option, where you specify the type of the reposi-
tory. See the addrepo command for the list of supported repository types.

-t, --type <TYPE>
Type of the service (possible values: ris). There are several aliases defined for this type: ris - RIS, nu, NU

-d, --disable
Add the service as disabled.

-n, --name
Specify descriptive name for the service.

removeservice (rs) [options] <alias|name|#|URI> ...

Remove specified repository index service from the sytem.

Removing an RIS service will result in removing of all of its repositories.

--loose-auth
Ignore user authentication data in the URI.

--loose-query
Ignore query string in the URI.

Common Options
These options are common to all types of services and repositories.

-d, --disable
Disable the service (but don't remove it).

-e, --enable
Enable a disabled service.

-r, --refresh
Enable auto-refresh of the service.

-R, --no-refresh
Disable auto-refresh of the service.

-n, --name
Set a descriptive name for the service.

-a, --all
Apply changes to all services.

-l, --local
Apply changes to all local services.

-t, --remote
Apply changes to all remote services.

-m, --medium-type <type>
Apply changes to services of specified type.

RIS Service Specific Options
These options are ignored by services other than Repository Index Services.

-i, --ar-to-enable <alias>
Schedule an RIS service repository to be enabled at next service refresh.

-I, --ar-to-disable <alias>
Schedule an RIS service repository to be disabled at next service refresh.

-j, --rr-to-enable <alias>
Remove a RIS service repository to enable.

-J, --rr-to-disable <alias>
Remove a RIS service repository to disable.

-k, --cl-to-enable
Clear the list of RIS repositories to enable.

-K, --cl-to-disable
Clear the list of RIS repositories to disable.

services (ls) [options]
List services defined on the system.

-u, --uri
Show also base URI of repositories.

-p, --priority
Show also repository priority.

-d, --details
Show more information like URI, priority, type.

-r, --with-repos
Show also repositories belonging to the services.

-P, --sort-by-priority
Sort the list by repository priority.

-U, --sort-by-uri
Sort the list by URI.

-N, --sort-by-name
Sort the list by name.

refresh-services (refs) [options] <alias|name|#|URI> ...
Refreshing a service mean executing the service's special task.

RIS services add, remove, or modify repositories on your system based on current content of the repository index. Services only man-
age defined repositories, they do not refresh them. To refresh also repositories, use --with-repos option or the refresh command.

-r, --with-repos
Refresh also repositories.

TODO more info

Package Locks Management
Package locks serve the purpose of preventing changes to the set of installed packages on the system. The locks are stored in form of a
query in /etc/zypp/locks file (see also locks(5)). Packages matching this query are then forbidden to change their installed status; an
installed package can't be removed, not installed package can't be installed. When requesting to install or remove such locked package,
you will get a dependency problem dialog.

locks (ll)
List currently active package locks.

addlock (al) [options] <package-name> ...
Add a package lock. Specify packages to lock by exact name or by a glob pattern using '*' and '?' wildcard characters.

-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Restrict the lock to the specified repository.

-t, --type <type>
Lock only packages of specified type (default: package). See section Package Types for list of available package types.

removelock (rl) [options] <lock-number|package-name> ...
Remove specified package lock. Specify the lock to remove by its number obtained with zypper locks or by the package name.

-r, --repo <alias|name|#|URI>
Restrict the lock to the specified repository.

cleanlocks (cl)
Remove unused locks.

This command looks for locks that do not currently (with regard to repositories used) lock any package and for each such lock it
asks user whether to remove it.

Other Commands
versioncmp (vcmp) <version1> <version2>
Compare the versions supplied as arguments and tell whether version1 is older or newer than version2 or the two version strings
match.

The default output is in human-friendly form. If --terse global option is used, the result is an integer number, negative/positive
if version1 is older/newer than version2, zero if they match.

-m, --match
Takes missing release number as any release. For example
$ zypper vcmp -m 0.15.3 0.15.3-2
0.15.3 matches 0.15.3-2
$ zypper vcmp 0.15.3 0.15.3-2
0.15.3 is older than 0.15.3-2

targetos (tos)
Shows the ID string of the target operating system. The string has a form of distroname-arch. The string is determined by libzypp,
the distroname is read from <current-rootdir>/etc/products.d/baseproduct and the architecture is determined from uname and CPU
flags.

licenses
Prints a report about licenses and EULAs of installed packages to standard output.

First, a list of all packages and their licenses and/or EULAs is shown. This is followed by a summary, including the total number
of installed packages, the number of installed packages with EULAs that required a confirmation from the user. Since the EULAs are
not stored on the system and can only be read from repository metadata, the summary includes also the number of installed packages
that have their counterpart in repositories. The report ends with a list of all licenses uses by the installed packages.

This command can be useful for companies redistributiong a custom distribution (like appliances) to figure out what licenses they
are bound by.

ps After each upgrade or removal of packages, there may be running processes on the system which then use files meanwhile deleted by
the upgrade. zypper ps lists these processes, together with the corresponding deleted files, and a service name hint, in case it's
a known service. The list contains the following information:

* PID ID of the process
* PPID ID of the parent process
* UID ID of the user running the process
* Login login name of the user running the process
* Command command used to execute the process
* Service guessed name of the service. If an init script exists for this
service, you can do "rcservicename restart" to restart it.
* Files the list of the deleted files

GLOBAL OPTIONS

-h, --help
Help. If a command is specified together with --help option, command specific help is displayed.

-V, --version
Print zypper version number and exit.

-c, --config <file>
Use specified config file instead of the default files. Other command line options specified together with --config and having
their counterpart in the config file are still prefered. The order of preference with --config is as follows:

* Command line options
* --config <file>
* /etc/zypp/zypp.conf

See also FILES section for more information.

-v, --verbose
Increase verbosity. For debugging output specify this option twice.

-q, --quiet
Suppress normal output. Brief (esp. result notification) messages and error messages will still be printed, though. If used together
with conflicting --verbose option, the --verbose option takes preference.

-A, --no-abbrev
Do not abbreviate text in tables. By default zypper will try to abbreviate texts in some columns so that the table fits the width of
the screen. If you need to see the whole text, use this option.

-t, --terse
Terse output for machine consumption. Currently not used and provided only for compatibility with rug.

-s, --table-style
Specifies table style to use. Table style is identified by an integer number. TODO

-r, --rug-compatible
Turns on rug compatibility. See section COMPATIBILITY WITH RUG for details.

-n, --non-interactive
Switches to non-interactive mode. In this mode zypper doesn't ask user to type answers to various prompts, but uses default answers
automatically. The behaviour of this option is somewhat different than that of options like '--yes', since zypper can answer differ-
ent answers to different questions. The answers also depend on other options like '--no-gpg-checks'.

-x, --xmlout
Switches to XML output. This option is useful for scripts or graphical frontends using zypper. For detailed information about this
feature, see http://en.opensuse.org/Zypper/XML_Output.

-D, --reposd-dir <dir>
Use the specified directory to look for the repository definition (*.repo) files. The default value is /etc/zypp/repos.d.

-C, --cache-dir <dir>
Use an alternative directory to look for the repository metadata cache database files (solv files). The default value is
/var/cache/zypp/solv.

--raw-cache-dir <dir>
Use the specified directory for storing raw copies of repository metadata files. The default value is /var/cache/zypp/raw.

Repository Options:

--no-gpg-checks
Ignore GPG check failures and continue. If a GPG issue occurs when using this option zypper prints and logs a warning and automati-
cally continues without interrupting the operation. Use this option with caution, as you can easily overlook security problems by
using it.

--gpg-auto-import-keys
If new repository signing key is found, do not ask what to do; trust and import it automatically. This option causes that the new
key is imported also in non-interactive mode, where it would otherwise got rejected.

-p, --plus-repo <URI>
Use an additional repository for this operation. The repository aliased tmp# and named by the specified URI will be added for this
operation and removed at the end. You can specify this option multiple times.

--disable-repositories
Do not read metadata from repositories. This option will prevent loading of packages from repositories, thus making zypper work only
with the installed packages (if --disable-system-resolvables was not specified).

--no-refresh
Do not auto-refresh repositories (ignore the auto-refresh setting). Useful to save time when doing operations like search, if there
is not a need to have a completely up to date metadata.

--no-cd
Ignore CD/DVD repositories. When this option is specified, zypper acts as if the CD/DVD repositories were not defined at all.

--no-remote
Ignore remote repositories like http, ftp, smb and similar. This makes using zypper easier when being offline. When this option is
specified, zypper acts as if the remote repositories were not defined at all.

Target Options:

-R, --root <dir>
Operates on a different root directory. This option influences the location of the repos.d directory and the metadata cache direc-
tory and also causes rpm to be run with the --root option to do the actual installation or removal of packages. Note that the ZYpp
lock is still created in the original system, as well as temporary files. See also the FILES section.

--disable-system-resolvables
This option serves mainly for testing purposes. It will cause zypper to act as if there were no packages installed in the system.
Use with caution as you can damage your system using this option.

FILES

/etc/zypp/zypper.conf, $HOME/.zypper.conf
Global (system-wide) and user's configuration file for zypper. These files are read when zypper starts up and --config option is
not used.

User's settings are prefered over global settings. Similarly, command line options override the settings in either of these files.
Settings from zypp.conf (see below) having their counterparts in zypper.conf are overriden by zypper's values. To sum it up, the
order of preference is as follows (from highest to lowest):

* Command line options
* $HOME/.zypper.conf
* /etc/zypp/zypper.conf
* /etc/zypp/zypp.conf

See the comments in /etc/zypp/zypper.conf for a list and description of available options.

/etc/zypp/zypp.conf
ZYpp configuration file affecting all ZYpp-based applications. See the comments in the file for desciption of configurable proper-
ties. Many of locations of files and directories listed in this section are also configurable via zypp.conf.

Options having their counterpart in zypper.conf are overriden by zypper's setting.

/etc/zypp/locks
File with package lock definitions, see locks(5) manual page for details. The package lock commands (addlock, removelock, etc.) can
be used to manipulate this file.

This file is used by all ZYpp-based applications.

/etc/zypp/repos.d
Directory containing repository definition (*.repo) files. You can use the Repository Management commands to manipulate these
files, or you can edit them yourself. In either case, after doing the modifications, executing zypper refresh is strongly recom-
mended.

This directory is used by all ZYpp-based applications.

You can use the --reposd-dir global option to use an alternative directory for this purpose or the --root option to make this direc-
tory relative to the specified root directory.

/etc/zypp/services.d
Directory containing service definition (*.service) files. You can use the Service Management Commands to manipulate theese files,
or you can edit them youself. Running zypper refs is recommended after modifications have been done.

This directory is used by all ZYpp-based applications.

/var/cache/zypp/raw
Directory for storing raw metadata contained in repositories. This directory is used by all ZYpp-based applications. Use the
--raw-cache-dir global option to use an alternative directory for this purpose or the --root option to make this directory relative
to the specified root directory.

/var/cache/zypp/solv
Directory containing preparsed metadata in form of solv files. This directory is used by all ZYpp-based applications.

/var/cache/zypp/packages
If keeppackages property is set for a repository (see the modifyrepo command), all the RPM file downloaded during installation will
be kept here. See also the clean command for cleaning these cache directories.

This directory is used by all ZYpp-based applications.

/var/log/zypp/history
Installation history log.

~/.zypper_history
Command history for the shell.

EXIT CODES

There are several exit codes defined for zypper for use e.g. within scripts. These codes are defined in header file src/zypper-main.h found
in zypper source package. Codes from interval (1-5) denote an error, numbers (100-105) provide a specific information, 0 represents a nor-
mal successful run. Following is a list of these codes with descriptions.

0 - ZYPPER_EXIT_OK
Successfull run of zypper with no special info.

1 - ZYPPER_EXIT_ERR_BUG
Unexpected situation occured, probably caused by a bug.

2 - ZYPPER_EXIT_ERR_SYNTAX
zypper was invoked with an invalid command or option, or a bad syntax.

3 - ZYPPER_EXIT_ERR_INVALID_ARGS
Some of provided arguments were invalid. E.g. an invalid URI was provided to the addrepo command.

4 - ZYPPER_EXIT_ERR_ZYPP
A problem reported by ZYPP library. E.g. another instance of ZYPP is running.

5 - ZYPPER_EXIT_ERR_PRIVILEGES
User invoking zypper has insufficient privileges for specified operation.

100 - ZYPPER_EXIT_INF_UPDATE_NEEDED
Returned by the patch-check command if there are patches available for installation.

101 - ZYPPER_EXIT_INF_SEC_UPDATE_NEEDED
Returned by the patch-check command if there are security patches available for installation.

102 - ZYPPER_EXIT_INF_REBOOT_NEEDED
Returned after a successfull installation of a patch which requires reboot of computer.

103 - ZYPPER_EXIT_INF_RESTART_NEEDED
Returned after a successfull installation of a patch which requires restart of the package manager itself. This means that one of
patches to be installed affects the package manager itself and the command used (e.g. zypper update) needs to be executed once again
to install any remaining patches.

104 - ZYPPER_EXIT_INF_CAP_NOT_FOUND
Returned by the install and the remove command in case any of the arguments does not match any of the available (or installed) pack-
age names or other capabilities.

105 - ZYPPER_EXIT_ON_SIGNAL
Returned upon exiting after receiving a SIGINT or SIGTERM.

COMPATIBILITY WITH RUG

zypper is designed to be compatible with rug, which is a command-line interface to the ZENworks Linux Management (ZLM) agent. Compared to
rug, zypper does not need the ZLM daemon to run, and is intented to provide more and improved functionality. Following is a list of zypper-
rug command aliases, supported rug command line options, and compatibility notes. See also compatibility notes in descriptions of zypper
commands.

To enable rug-compatible behavior, use the -r or --rug-compatible global option with each command.

Service Management Commands
ZENworks uses different terminology than ZYpp. ZLM services are ZYpp's repositories and services. Additionally some ZLM services can con-
tain catalogs (rpmmd-type repositories in ZYpp speak).

Zypper tries to mimick rug's behavior in its service handling commands when used with the -r global option. It also supports the --catalog
option for specifying catalogs to work with in current operation (this is an alias for zypper's --repo option).

rug service-add (sa)
zypper addservice (as) When used with -r global option, this command probes the type of service or repository at the specified URI,
if not explicitly specified. Without -r option the URI is not accessed at all and the URI is added as ZYpp service.

rug service-delete (sd)
zypper removeservice (rs)

rug service-list (sl)
zypper services (ls)

rug catalogs (ca)
zypper repos (lr)

zypper doesn't include 'Enabled' and 'Refresh' columns and prints rug's 'Status' column with values "Active" or "Disabled" instead.

rug subscribe
This command is not implemented in zypper. Enabling zypper repositories is closest to rug's subscription of catalogs. Thus, you can
use zypper mr -e <alias|name|#|URI> to enable repositories added by the service. Use zypper lr (or zypper ca) to list available
repositories.

rug unsubscribe
See subscribe above, with the difference that -d will be used instead of -e in the zypper mr command.

Package Management Commands
rug install (in)
zypper install (in)

-y, --no-confirm
Don't require user interaction. This option is implemented using zypper's non-interactive mode.

--agree-to-third-party-licenses
This option is an alias to zypper's --auto-agree-with-licenses option.

-R, --force-resolution <on|off>
This option is not available in rug and zypper uses the 'force-resolution' solver mode by default when running in rug-compat-
ible mode. However, it is possible to turn the forcing of resolution off using this option even in rug-compatible mode.

--entire-catalog <catalog>
This option serves for marking all packages from specified catalog for installation. This is achieved by simulating 'zypper
in --from <repo> '*''.

rug remove (rm)
zypper remove (rm)

-y, --no-confirm
Don't require user interaction. This option is implemented using zypper's non-interactive mode.

rug verify (ve)
zypper verify (ve)

-y, --no-confirm
Don't require user interaction. This option is implemented using zypper's non-interactive mode.

rug update (up) [catalog] ...
zypper update (up) [package] ...

Zypper interprets the update command arguments as repository identifiers in rug-compatibilty mode. The update operation is
restricted to the specified repositories.

-y, --no-confirm
Don't require user interaction. This option is implemented using zypper's non-interactive mode.

--agree-to-third-party-licenses
This option is an alias to zypper's --auto-agree-with-licenses option.

-d, --downloade-only
This option has currently no effect.

--category
This option has currently no effect.

rug search (se)
zypper search (se)

Instead of the Type column, rug's Bundle column is printed, however, with no contents.

-t, --type
In rug compatibility mode the --type option defaults to package. Zypper searches all package types by default.

--sort-by-catalog
Sort packages by catalog, not by name. This option is an alias to zypper's --sort-by-repo option.

Patch Management Commands
rug patch-info
zypper info -t patch

Pattern Management Commands
rug pattern-info
zypper info -t pattern

Product Management Commands
rug product-info
zypper info -t product

System Commands
rug ping
zypper ping

This command just returns 0 without producing any output or doing anything to the system. Rug's ping command is used to wake up the
ZLM daemon or to check whether it is up and running. Since zypper does no require ZLM or any other daemon to run, it is safe to
always return 0 here to indicate it is ready for operation.

Other Compatibility Notes
-c, --catalog <catalog>
This option is an alias to zypper's --repo <alias> and it will restrict the operation of commands like search, install, etc to the
repository specified by the alias.

-N, --dry-run
Zypper uses -D shorthand for this option, but -N is provided for the sake of compatibility. Zypper (libzypp) implements this option
by passing the --test option to rpm. The option is used in install, remove, update, dist-upgrade (not available in rug), and verify
commands.