snap 命令详解

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snap 命令用于管理 “snap” 自包含软件包的工具。类似于 .deb 的 apt。

snap 命令安装：

-bash/zsh: snap command not found

#Debian
apt-get install snap

#Ubuntu
apt-get install snap

#Kali Linux
apt-get install snap

#Fedora
dnf install snapd

#Raspbian
apt-get install snap

snap 命令补充说明：

snap 命令工具用于与 snapd 守护进程交互，以控制 snappy 软件平台。

snap 可以安装、配置、刷新和删除 snap 包。 snapd 是 CLI （它是一种后台服务），负责处理系统上的快照。从“快照列表”开始查看已安装的快照。

snap 命令语法：

snap [OPTIONS]

snap 命令选项：

Application Options
   --version
          Print the version and exit

Help Options
   -h, --help
          Show this help message

snap 命令 COMMANDS：

abort
Abort a pending change

The abort command attempts to abort a change that still has pending tasks.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] abort [abort-OPTIONS]

Abort a pending change
The abort command attempts to abort a change that still has pending tasks.

--last Select last change of given type (install, refresh, remove, try, auto-refresh etc.)

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

ack
Adds an assertion to the system

The ack command tries to add an assertion to the system assertion database.

The assertion may also be a newer revision of a preexisting assertion that it will
replace.

To succeed the assertion must be valid, its signature verified with a known public key and
the assertion consistent with and its prerequisite in the database.

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

alias
Sets up a manual alias

The alias command aliases the given snap application to the given alias.

Once this manual alias is setup the respective application command can be invoked just
using the alias.

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

aliases
Lists aliases in the system

The aliases command lists all aliases available in the system and their status.

$ snap aliases <snap>

Lists only the aliases defined by the specified snap.

An alias noted as undefined means it was explicitly enabled or disabled but is not defined
in the current revision of the snap; possibly temporarely (e.g because of a revert), if
not this can be cleared with snap alias --reset.

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

buy
Buys a snap

The buy command buys a snap from the store.

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

changes
List system changes

The changes command displays a summary of the recent system changes performed.

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

connect
Connects a plug to a slot

The connect command connects a plug to a slot. It may be called in the following ways:

$ snap connect <snap>:<plug> <snap>:<slot>

Connects the provided plug to the given slot.

$ snap connect <snap>:<plug> <snap>

Connects the specific plug to the only slot in the provided snap that matches the
connected interface. If more than one potential slot exists, the command fails.

$ snap connect <snap>:<plug>

Connects the provided plug to the slot in the core snap with a name matching the plug
name.

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

disable
Disables a snap in the system

The disable command disables a snap. The binaries and services of the snap will no longer
be available. But all the data is still available and the snap can easily be enabled
again.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] disable [disable-OPTIONS]

Disables a snap in the system
The disable command disables a snap. The binaries and services of the snap will no
longer be available. But all the data is still available and the snap can easily be
enabled again.

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

disconnect
Disconnects a plug from a slot

The disconnect command disconnects a plug from a slot. It may be called in the following
ways:

$ snap disconnect <snap>:<plug> <snap>:<slot>

Disconnects the specific plug from the specific slot.

$ snap disconnect <snap>:<slot or plug>

Disconnects everything from the provided plug or slot. The snap name may be omitted for
the core snap.

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

download
Downloads the given snap

The download command downloads the given snap and its supporting assertions to the current
directory under .snap and .assert file extensions, respectively.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] download [download-OPTIONS]

Downloads the given snap
The download command downloads the given snap and its supporting assertions to the
current directory under .snap and .assert file extensions, respectively.

--channel
Use this channel instead of stable

--edge Install from the edge channel

--beta Install from the beta channel

--candidate
Install from the candidate channel

--stable
Install from the stable channel

--revision
Download the given revision of a snap, to which you must have developer access

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

enable
Enables a snap in the system

The enable command enables a snap that was previously disabled.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] enable [enable-OPTIONS]

Enables a snap in the system
The enable command enables a snap that was previously disabled.

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

find
Finds packages to install

The find command queries the store for available packages in the stable channel.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] find [find-OPTIONS]

Aliases: search

Finds packages to install
The find command queries the store for available packages in the stable channel.

--private
Search private snaps

--section [="show-all-sections-please"] <default: "no-section-specified">
Restrict the search to a given section

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

get
Prints configuration options

The get command prints configuration options for the provided snap.

$ snap get snap-name username
frank

If multiple option names are provided, a document is returned:

$ snap get snap-name username password
{
"username": "frank",
"password": "..."
}

Nested values may be retrieved via a dotted path:

$ snap get snap-name author.name
frank

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] get [get-OPTIONS]

Prints configuration options
The get command prints configuration options for the provided snap.

$ snap get snap-name username
frank

If multiple option names are provided, a document is returned:

$ snap get snap-name username password
{
"username": "frank",
"password": "..."
}

Nested values may be retrieved via a dotted path:

$ snap get snap-name author.name
frank

-t Strict typing with nulls and quoted strings

-d Always return document, even with single key

-l Always return list, even with single key

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

help
Help

The help command shows helpful information. Unlike this. ;-)

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] help [help-OPTIONS]

Help
The help command shows helpful information. Unlike this. ;-)

--man Generate the manpage

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

info
Show detailed information about a snap

The info command shows detailed information about a snap, be it by name or by path.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] info [info-OPTIONS]

Show detailed information about a snap
The info command shows detailed information about a snap, be it by name or by path.

--verbose
Include a verbose list of a snap's notes (otherwise, summarise notes)

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

install
Installs a snap to the system

The install command installs the named snap in the system.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] install [install-OPTIONS]

Installs a snap to the system
The install command installs the named snap in the system.

--channel
Use this channel instead of stable

--edge Install from the edge channel

--beta Install from the beta channel

--candidate
Install from the candidate channel

--stable
Install from the stable channel

--devmode
Put snap in development mode and disable security confinement

--jailmode
Put snap in enforced confinement mode

--classic
Put snap in classic mode and disable security confinement

--revision
Install the given revision of a snap, to which you must have developer access

--dangerous
Install the given snap file even if there are no pre-acknowledged signatures for
it, meaning it was not verified and could be dangerous (--devmode implies this)

--unaliased
Install the given snap without enabling its automatic aliases

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

interface
Lists snap interfaces

The interface command shows details of snap interfaces.

If no interface name is provided, a list of interface names with at least one connection
is shown, or a list of all interfaces if --all is provided.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] interface [interface-OPTIONS]

Lists snap interfaces
The interface command shows details of snap interfaces.

If no interface name is provided, a list of interface names with at least one
connection is shown, or a list of all interfaces if --all is provided.

--attrs
Show interface attributes

--all Include unused interfaces

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

interfaces
Lists interfaces in the system

The interfaces command lists interfaces available in the system.

By default all slots and plugs, used and offered by all snaps, are displayed.

$ snap interfaces <snap>:<slot or plug>

Lists only the specified slot or plug.

$ snap interfaces <snap>

Lists the slots offered and plugs used by the specified snap.

$ snap interfaces -i=<interface> [<snap>]

Filters the complete output so only plugs and/or slots matching the provided details are
listed.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] interfaces [interfaces-OPTIONS]

Lists interfaces in the system
The interfaces command lists interfaces available in the system.

By default all slots and plugs, used and offered by all snaps, are displayed.

$ snap interfaces <snap>:<slot or plug>

Lists only the specified slot or plug.

$ snap interfaces <snap>

Lists the slots offered and plugs used by the specified snap.

$ snap interfaces -i=<interface> [<snap>]

Filters the complete output so only plugs and/or slots matching the provided
details are listed.

-i Constrain listing to specific interfaces

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

known
Shows known assertions of the provided type

The known command shows known assertions of the provided type. If header=value pairs are
provided after the assertion type, the assertions shown must also have the specified
headers matching the provided values.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] known [known-OPTIONS]

Shows known assertions of the provided type
The known command shows known assertions of the provided type. If header=value
pairs are provided after the assertion type, the assertions shown must also have
the specified headers matching the provided values.

--remote

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

list
List installed snaps

The list command displays a summary of snaps installed in the current system.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] list [list-OPTIONS]

List installed snaps
The list command displays a summary of snaps installed in the current system.

--all Show all revisions

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

The login command authenticates on snapd and the snap store and saves credentials into the
~/.snap/auth.json file. Further communication with snapd will then be made using those
credentials.

An account can be setup at https://login.ubuntu.com

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

logout
Log out of the store

This command logs the current user out of the store

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

logs
Retrieve logs of services

The logs command fetches logs of the given services and displays them in chronological
order.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] logs [logs-OPTIONS]

Retrieve logs of services
The logs command fetches logs of the given services and displays them in
chronological order.

-n <default: "10">
Show only the given number of lines, or 'all'.

-f Wait for new lines and print them as they come in.

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

pack
Pack the given target dir as a snap

The pack command packs the given snap-dir as a snap.

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

prefer
Prefer aliases from a snap and disable conflicts

The prefer command enables all aliases of the given snap in preference to conflicting
aliases of other snaps whose aliases will be disabled (removed for manual ones).

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

refresh
Refreshes a snap in the system

The refresh command refreshes (updates) the named snap.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] refresh [refresh-OPTIONS]

Refreshes a snap in the system
The refresh command refreshes (updates) the named snap.

--channel
Use this channel instead of stable

--edge Install from the edge channel

--beta Install from the beta channel

--candidate
Install from the candidate channel

--stable
Install from the stable channel

--devmode
Put snap in development mode and disable security confinement

--jailmode
Put snap in enforced confinement mode

--classic
Put snap in classic mode and disable security confinement

--amend
Allow refresh attempt on snap unknown to the store

--revision
Refresh to the given revision

--list Show available snaps for refresh but do not perform a refresh

--time Show auto refresh information but do not perform a refresh

--ignore-validation
Ignore validation by other snaps blocking the refresh

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

remove
Removes a snap from the system

The remove command removes the named snap from the system.

By default all the snap revisions are removed, including their data and the common data
directory. When a --revision option is passed only the specified revision is removed.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] remove [remove-OPTIONS]

Removes a snap from the system
The remove command removes the named snap from the system.

By default all the snap revisions are removed, including their data and the common
data directory. When a --revision option is passed only the specified revision is
removed.

--revision
Remove only the given revision

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

restart
Restart services

The restart command restarts the given services.

If the --reload option is given, for each service whose app has a reload command, a reload
is performed instead of a restart.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] restart [restart-OPTIONS]

Restart services
The restart command restarts the given services.

If the --reload option is given, for each service whose app has a reload command, a
reload is performed instead of a restart.

--reload
If the service has a reload command, use it instead of restarting.

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

revert
Reverts the given snap to the previous state

The revert command reverts the given snap to its state before the latest refresh. This
will reactivate the previous snap revision, and will use the original data that was
associated with that revision, discarding any data changes that were done by the latest
revision. As an exception, data which the snap explicitly chooses to share across
revisions is not touched by the revert process.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] revert [revert-OPTIONS]

Reverts the given snap to the previous state
The revert command reverts the given snap to its state before the latest refresh.
This will reactivate the previous snap revision, and will use the original data
that was associated with that revision, discarding any data changes that were done
by the latest revision. As an exception, data which the snap explicitly chooses to
share across revisions is not touched by the revert process.

--devmode
Put snap in development mode and disable security confinement

--jailmode
Put snap in enforced confinement mode

--classic
Put snap in classic mode and disable security confinement

--revision
Revert to the given revision

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

run
Run the given snap command

Run the given snap command with the right confinement and environment

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] run [run-OPTIONS]

Run the given snap command
Run the given snap command with the right confinement and environment

--shell
Run a shell instead of the command (useful for debugging)

--strace [="with-strace"] <default: "no-strace">
Run the command under strace (useful for debugging). Extra strace options can be
specified as well here.

--gdb Run the command with gdb

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

services
Query the status of services

The services command lists information about the services specified, or about the services
in all currently installed snaps.

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

set
Changes configuration options

The set command changes the provided configuration options as requested.

$ snap set snap-name username=frank password=$PASSWORD

All configuration changes are persisted at once, and only after the snap's configuration
hook returns successfully.

Nested values may be modified via a dotted path:

$ snap set author.name=frank

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

start
Start services

The start command starts, and optionally enables, the given services.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] start [start-OPTIONS]

Start services
The start command starts, and optionally enables, the given services.

--enable
As well as starting the service now, arrange for it to be started on boot.

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

stop
Stop services

The stop command stops, and optionally disables, the given services.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] stop [stop-OPTIONS]

Stop services
The stop command stops, and optionally disables, the given services.

--disable
As well as stopping the service now, arrange for it to no longer be started on
boot.

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

switch
Switches snap to a different channel

The switch command switches the given snap to a different channel without doing a refresh.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] switch [switch-OPTIONS]

Switches snap to a different channel
The switch command switches the given snap to a different channel without doing a
refresh.

--channel

--edge

--beta

--candidate

--stable

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

tasks
List a change's tasks

The tasks command displays a summary of tasks associated to an individual change.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] tasks [tasks-OPTIONS]

Aliases: change

List a change's tasks
The tasks command displays a summary of tasks associated to an individual change.

--last Select last change of given type (install, refresh, remove, try, auto-refresh etc.)

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

try
Tests a snap in the system

The try command installs an unpacked snap into the system for testing purposes. The
unpacked snap content continues to be used even after installation, so non-metadata
changes there go live instantly. Metadata changes such as those performed in snap.yaml
will require reinstallation to go live.

If snap-dir argument is omitted, the try command will attempt to infer it if either
snapcraft.yaml file and prime directory or meta/snap.yaml file can be found relative to
current working directory.

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] try [try-OPTIONS]

Tests a snap in the system
The try command installs an unpacked snap into the system for testing purposes.
The unpacked snap content continues to be used even after installation, so non-
metadata changes there go live instantly. Metadata changes such as those performed
in snap.yaml will require reinstallation to go live.

If snap-dir argument is omitted, the try command will attempt to infer it if either
snapcraft.yaml file and prime directory or meta/snap.yaml file can be found
relative to current working directory.

--devmode
Put snap in development mode and disable security confinement

--jailmode
Put snap in enforced confinement mode

--classic
Put snap in classic mode and disable security confinement

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

unalias
Unalias a manual alias or an entire snap

The unalias command tears down a manual alias when given one or disables all aliases of a
snap, removing also all manual ones, when given a snap name.

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

version
Shows version details

The version command displays the versions of the running client, server, and operating
system.

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

watch
Watch a change in progress

The watch command waits for the given change-id to finish and shows progress (if
available).

Usage: snap [OPTIONS] watch [watch-OPTIONS]

Watch a change in progress
The watch command waits for the given change-id to finish and shows progress (if
available).

--last Select last change of given type (install, refresh, remove, try, auto-refresh etc.)

Help Options
-h, --help
Show this help message

whoami
Prints the email the user is logged in with

The whoami command prints the email the user is logged in with.