denyhosts 命令详解

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denyhosts 命令安装:


-bash/zsh: denyhosts: command not found

# Windows (WSL2)
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install denyhosts

# Debian
apt-get install denyhosts

# Ubuntu
apt-get install denyhosts

# Fedora
dnf install denyhosts

# Raspbian
apt-get install denyhosts

# Dockerfile
dockerfile.run/denyhosts

denyhosts 命令补充说明:


DenyHosts 是一个通过向 /etc/hosts.deny 添加条目来自动阻止 SSH 暴力攻击的程序。 还可以 Mail 方式通知 Linux 管理员有关违规主机、受攻击用户和可疑登录的信息。 也可以与中央服务器同步。 自动写入 iptables 过滤规则。 遗憾的是 DenyHosts 不支持 IPv6。

denyhosts 命令语法:


denyhosts [-f logfile | --file=logfile] [ -c configfile | --config=configfile] [-i | --ignore] [-n | --noemail] [--purge] [--migrate] [--daemon] [--sync] [--version]

denyhosts 的坑:


denyhosts 如果误添加了一个你自己“测试”的 IP,你直接删除 /etc/hosts.deny 中你自己的 IP 规则及清空 /var/log/secure/var/log/denyhosts 等是没用的,除了需要先停止 denyhosts 服务,然后到 /var/lib/denyhosts/ 中一并清除你需要解除的 IP 规则,以及对应的 iptables 规则,之后重启 denyhosts 服务 - service denyhosts start,当然这也是 denyhosts 考虑比较全的方式,防止随意清除。

其他方式:加入到 hosts.allow、重置系统计数器 service rsyslog restart | service syslog restart 等。

iptables 清除你的 IP 命令如下:

iptables -D INPUT -s [你的IP] -j DROP

iptables 清除所有规则配置:

sudo iptables -F # -F: 清除所有规则链的规则。
sudo iptables -X # -X: 删除用户自定义的链。
sudo iptables -Z # -Z: 将所有规则链的数据包和字节计数归零。

附录:denyhosts 配置文件:


通过配置文件 /etc/hostsdeny.conf,配置 denyhosts:

       ############ THESE SETTINGS ARE REQUIRED ############

########################################################################
#
# SECURE_LOG: the log file that contains sshd logging info
# if you are not sure, grep "sshd:" /var/log/*
#
# The file to process can be overridden with the --file command line
# argument
#
# Redhat or Fedora Core:
SECURE_LOG = /var/log/secure
#
# Mandrake, FreeBSD or OpenBSD: 
#SECURE_LOG = /var/log/auth.log
#
# SuSE or Gentoo:
#SECURE_LOG = /var/log/messages
#
# Mac OS X (v10.4 or greater - 
#   also refer to:   http://www.denyhost.net/faq.html#macos
#SECURE_LOG = /private/var/log/asl.log
#
# Mac OS X (v10.3 or earlier):
#SECURE_LOG=/private/var/log/system.log
#
# Debian and Ubuntu
#SECURE_LOG = /var/log/auth.log
########################################################################

########################################################################
#
# HOSTS_DENY: the file which contains restricted host access information
#
# Most operating systems:
HOSTS_DENY = /etc/hosts.deny
#
# Some BSD (FreeBSD) Unixes:
#HOSTS_DENY = /etc/hosts.allow
#
# Another possibility (also see the next option):
#HOSTS_DENY = /etc/hosts.evil
#######################################################################


########################################################################
#
# PURGE_DENY: removed HOSTS_DENY entries that are older than this time
#             when DenyHosts is invoked with the --purge flag
#
#      format is: i[dhwmy]
#      Where 'i' is an integer (eg. 7) 
#            'm' = minutes
#            'h' = hours
#            'd' = days
#            'w' = weeks
#            'y' = years
#
# never purge:
PURGE_DENY = 30m
#
# purge entries older than 1 week
#PURGE_DENY = 1w
#
# purge entries older than 5 days
#PURGE_DENY = 5d
#######################################################################

#######################################################################
#
# PURGE_THRESHOLD: defines the maximum times a host will be purged.  
# Once this value has been exceeded then this host will not be purged. 
# Setting this parameter to 0 (the default) disables this feature.
#
# default: a denied host can be purged/re-added indefinitely
#PURGE_THRESHOLD = 0
#
# a denied host will be purged at most 2 times. 
#PURGE_THRESHOLD = 2 
#
#######################################################################


#######################################################################
#
# BLOCK_SERVICE: the service name that should be blocked in HOSTS_DENY
# 
# man 5 hosts_access for details
#
# eg.   sshd: 127.0.0.1  # will block sshd logins from 127.0.0.1
#
# To block all services for the offending host:
#BLOCK_SERVICE = ALL
# To block only sshd:
BLOCK_SERVICE  = sshd
# To only record the offending host and nothing else (if using
# an auxilary file to list the hosts).  Refer to: 
# http://denyhost.sourceforge.net/faq.html#aux
#BLOCK_SERVICE =    
#
#######################################################################


#######################################################################
#
# DENY_THRESHOLD_INVALID: block each host after the number of failed login 
# attempts has exceeded this value.  This value applies to invalid
# user login attempts (eg. non-existent user accounts)
#
DENY_THRESHOLD_INVALID = 1
#
#######################################################################

#######################################################################
#
# DENY_THRESHOLD_VALID: block each host after the number of failed 
# login attempts has exceeded this value.  This value applies to valid
# user login attempts (eg. user accounts that exist in /etc/passwd) except
# for the "root" user
#
DENY_THRESHOLD_VALID = 3
#
#######################################################################

#######################################################################
#
# DENY_THRESHOLD_ROOT: block each host after the number of failed 
# login attempts has exceeded this value.  This value applies to 
# "root" user login attempts only.
#
DENY_THRESHOLD_ROOT = 1
#
#######################################################################


#######################################################################
#
# DENY_THRESHOLD_RESTRICTED: block each host after the number of failed 
# login attempts has exceeded this value.  This value applies to 
# usernames that appear in the WORK_DIR/restricted-usernames file only.
#
DENY_THRESHOLD_RESTRICTED = 1
#
#######################################################################

#######################################################################
#
# DETECT_DOVECOT_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS: if set to YES, also look for login 
# attempts via IMAP or POP3 to the dovecot mail daemon (next to ssh
# login attempts).
#
DETECT_DOVECOT_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS = NO
#
#######################################################################


#######################################################################
#
# WORK_DIR: the path that DenyHosts will use for writing data to
# (it will be created if it does not already exist).  
#
# Note: it is recommended that you use an absolute pathname
# for this value (eg. /home/foo/denyhost/data)
#
WORK_DIR = /var/lib/denyhosts
#
#######################################################################

#######################################################################
#
# ETC_DIR: the path that DenyHosts will use for reading data when
# we need configuration information.
#
# Note: it is recommended that you use an absolute pathname
# for this value (eg. /etc or /usr/local/etc)
#
ETC_DIR = /etc
#
#######################################################################



#######################################################################
#
# SUSPICIOUS_LOGIN_REPORT_ALLOWED_HOSTS
#
# SUSPICIOUS_LOGIN_REPORT_ALLOWED_HOSTS=YES|NO
# If set to YES, if a suspicious login attempt results from an allowed-host
# then it is considered suspicious.  If this is NO, then suspicious logins 
# from allowed-hosts will not be reported.  All suspicious logins from 
# ip addresses that are not in allowed-hosts will always be reported.
#
SUSPICIOUS_LOGIN_REPORT_ALLOWED_HOSTS=YES
######################################################################

######################################################################
#
# HOSTNAME_LOOKUP
#
# HOSTNAME_LOOKUP=YES|NO
# If set to YES, for each IP address that is reported by Denyhosts,
# the corresponding hostname will be looked up and reported as well
# (if available).
#
HOSTNAME_LOOKUP=NO
#
######################################################################


######################################################################
#
# LOCK_FILE
#
# LOCK_FILE=/path/denyhosts
# If this file exists when DenyHosts is run, then DenyHosts will exit
# immediately.  Otherwise, this file will be created upon invocation
# and deleted upon exit.  This ensures that only one instance is
# running at a time.
#
# Redhat/Fedora:
#LOCK_FILE = /var/lock/subsys/denyhosts
#
# Debian or Gentoo
LOCK_FILE = /run/denyhosts.pid
#
# Misc
#LOCK_FILE = /tmp/denyhosts.lock
#
######################################################################


       ############ THESE SETTINGS ARE OPTIONAL ############


#######################################################################
#
# IPTABLES: if you would like DenyHost to block incoming connections
# using the Linux firewall IPTABLES, then set the following variable
# to the path of the iptables executable. Typically this is 
# /sbin/iptables
# If this option is not set or commented out then the iptables
# firewall is not used.
IPTABLES = /sbin/iptables
#
# Warning: If you are running IPTABLES, please make sure to comment
# out the PFCTL_PATH and the PF_TABLE variables below. PF and
# IPTABLES should not be running together on the same operating system.
#
# By default DenyHost will ask IPTables to block incoming connections
# from an aggressive host on ALL ports. While this is usually a good
# idea, it may prevent some botted machines from being able to access
# services their legitmate users want, like a web server. To 
# block specific ports, enable the following option. Multiple ports may
# be specified using a comma as a delimiter ex: 21,22,3306
# BLOCKPORT = 22
#
#######################################################################

#######################################################################
#
# On FreeBSD/OpenBSD/TrueOS/PC-BSD/NetBSD/OS X we may want to block incoming
# traffic using the PF firewall instead of the hosts.deny file
# (aka tcp_wrapper). 
# The admin can set up a PF table that is persistent
# and DenyHost can add new addresses to be blocked to that table.
# The TrueOS operating system enables this by default, blocking
# all addresses in the "blacklist" table.
#
# To have DenyHost update the blocking PF table in real time, uncomment
# these next two options. Make sure the table name specificed
# is one created in the pf.conf file of your operating system.
# The PFCTL_PATH variable must point to the pfctl extectuable on your OS.
# PFCTL_PATH = /sbin/pfctl
# PF_TABLE = blacklist
# Note, a good rule to have in your pf.conf file to enable the
# blacklist table is:
#
# table  persist file "/etc/blacklist"
# block in quick from  to any
#
# Warning: If you are using PF, please make sure to disable the
# IPTABLES rule above as these two packet filters should not be
# run together on the same operating system.
# Note: Even if you decide to run DenyHost with PF filtering
# only and no hosts.deny support, please still create an empty
# file called /etc/hosts.deny for backward compatibility.
# Also, please make sure PF is enabled prior to launching
# DenyHosts. To do this run "pfctl -e".
#
# To write all blocked hosts to a PF table file enable this next option.
# This will make hosts added to the PF table persistent across reboots.
# PF_TABLE_FILE = /etc/blacklist
#
#######################################################################


#######################################################################
#
# ADMIN_EMAIL: if you would like to receive emails regarding newly
# restricted hosts and suspicious logins, set this address to 
# match your email address.  If you do not want to receive these reports
# leave this field blank (or run with the --noemail option)
#
# Multiple email addresses can be delimited by a comma, eg:
# ADMIN_EMAIL = foo@bar.com, bar@foo.com, etc@foobar.com
#
ADMIN_EMAIL = root@localhost
#
#######################################################################

#######################################################################
#
# SMTP_HOST, SMTP_PORT and SMTP_SSL: if DenyHosts is configured to email
# reports (see ADMIN_EMAIL) then these settings specify the 
# email server address (SMTP_HOST) and the server port (SMTP_PORT).
# If SMTP_SSL is set to yes, an SMTPS connection will be established
# immediately. Otherwise, if the server supports ESTMP and announces
# STARTTLS support, it will be used.
# 
#
SMTP_HOST = localhost
SMTP_PORT = 25
SMTP_SSL = yes
#
#######################################################################

#######################################################################
# 
# SMTP_USERNAME and SMTP_PASSWORD: set these parameters if your 
# smtp email server requires authentication
#
#SMTP_USERNAME=foo
#SMTP_PASSWORD=bar
#
######################################################################

#######################################################################
#
# SMTP_FROM: you can specify the "From:" address in messages sent
# from DenyHosts when it reports thwarted abuse attempts
#
SMTP_FROM = DenyHosts 
#
#######################################################################

#######################################################################
#
# SMTP_SUBJECT: you can specify the "Subject:" of messages sent
# by DenyHosts when it reports thwarted abuse attempts
SMTP_SUBJECT = DenyHosts Report
#
######################################################################

######################################################################
#
# SMTP_DATE_FORMAT: specifies the format used for the "Date:" header
# when sending email messages.
#
# for possible values for this parameter refer to: man strftime
#
# the default:
#
#SMTP_DATE_FORMAT = %a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z
#
######################################################################

######################################################################
#
# SYSLOG_REPORT
#
# SYSLOG_REPORT=YES|NO
# If set to yes, when denied hosts are recorded the report data
# will be sent to syslog (syslog must be present on your system).
# The default is: NO
#
#SYSLOG_REPORT=NO
#
#SYSLOG_REPORT=YES
#
######################################################################

######################################################################
#
# ALLOWED_HOSTS_HOSTNAME_LOOKUP
#
# ALLOWED_HOSTS_HOSTNAME_LOOKUP=YES|NO
# If set to YES, for each entry in the WORK_DIR/allowed-hosts file,
# the hostname will be looked up.  If your versions of tcp_wrappers
# and sshd sometimes log hostnames in addition to ip addresses
# then you may wish to specify this option.
# 
ALLOWED_HOSTS_HOSTNAME_LOOKUP=NO
#
######################################################################

###################################################################### 
# 
# AGE_RESET_VALID: Specifies the period of time between failed login
# attempts that, when exceeded will result in the failed count for 
# this host to be reset to 0.  This value applies to login attempts 
# to all valid users (those within /etc/passwd) with the 
# exception of root.  If not defined, this count will never
# be reset.
#
# See the comments in the PURGE_DENY section (above) 
# for details on specifying this value or for complete details 
# refer to:  http://denyhost.sourceforge.net/faq.html#timespec
#
AGE_RESET_VALID=5d
#
######################################################################

###################################################################### 
# 
# AGE_RESET_ROOT: Specifies the period of time between failed login
# attempts that, when exceeded will result in the failed count for 
# this host to be reset to 0.  This value applies to all login 
# attempts to the "root" user account.  If not defined,
# this count will never be reset.
#
# See the comments in the PURGE_DENY section (above) 
# for details on specifying this value or for complete details 
# refer to:  http://denyhost.sourceforge.net/faq.html#timespec
#
AGE_RESET_ROOT=25d
#
######################################################################

###################################################################### 
# 
# AGE_RESET_RESTRICTED: Specifies the period of time between failed login
# attempts that, when exceeded will result in the failed count for 
# this host to be reset to 0.  This value applies to all login 
# attempts to entries found in the WORK_DIR/restricted-usernames file.  
# If not defined, the count will never be reset.
#
# See the comments in the PURGE_DENY section (above) 
# for details on specifying this value or for complete details 
# refer to:  http://denyhost.sourceforge.net/faq.html#timespec
#
AGE_RESET_RESTRICTED=25d
#
######################################################################


###################################################################### 
# 
# AGE_RESET_INVALID: Specifies the period of time between failed login
# attempts that, when exceeded will result in the failed count for 
# this host to be reset to 0.  This value applies to login attempts 
# made to any invalid username (those that do not appear 
# in /etc/passwd).  If not defined, count will never be reset.
#
# See the comments in the PURGE_DENY section (above) 
# for details on specifying this value or for complete details 
# refer to:  http://denyhost.sourceforge.net/faq.html#timespec
#
AGE_RESET_INVALID=10d
#
######################################################################


######################################################################
#
# RESET_ON_SUCCESS: If this parameter is set to "yes" then the
# failed count for the respective ip address will be reset to 0
# if the login is successful.  
#
# The default is RESET_ON_SUCCESS = no
#
#RESET_ON_SUCCESS = yes
#
#####################################################################


######################################################################
#
# PLUGIN_DENY: If set, this value should point to an executable
# program that will be invoked when a host is added to the
# HOSTS_DENY file.  This executable will be passed the host
# that will be added as its only argument. To run multiple plugins
# separate the plugins by a comma ex /usr/bin/true,/usr/bin/false
#
#PLUGIN_DENY=/usr/bin/true
#
######################################################################


######################################################################
#
# PLUGIN_PURGE: If set, this value should point to an executable
# program that will be invoked when a host is removed from the
# HOSTS_DENY file.  This executable will be passed the host
# that is to be purged as it's only argument.
#
#PLUGIN_PURGE=/usr/bin/true
#
######################################################################

######################################################################
#
# USERDEF_FAILED_ENTRY_REGEX: if set, this value should contain
# a regular expression that can be used to identify additional
# hackers for your particular ssh configuration.  This functionality
# extends the built-in regular expressions that DenyHosts uses.
# This parameter can be specified multiple times.
# See this faq entry for more details:
#    http://denyhost.sf.net/faq.html#userdef_regex
#
#USERDEF_FAILED_ENTRY_REGEX=
#
#
######################################################################




   ######### THESE SETTINGS ARE SPECIFIC TO DAEMON MODE  ##########



#######################################################################
#
# DAEMON_LOG: when DenyHosts is run in daemon mode (--daemon flag)
# this is the logfile that DenyHosts uses to report its status.
# To disable logging, leave blank.  (default is: /var/log/denyhosts)
#
DAEMON_LOG = /var/log/denyhosts
#
# disable logging:
#DAEMON_LOG = 
#
######################################################################

#######################################################################
# 
# DAEMON_LOG_TIME_FORMAT: when DenyHosts is run in daemon mode 
# (--daemon flag) this specifies the timestamp format of 
# the DAEMON_LOG messages (default is the ISO8061 format:
# ie. 2005-07-22 10:38:01,745)
#
# for possible values for this parameter refer to: man strftime
#
# Jan 1 13:05:59   
#DAEMON_LOG_TIME_FORMAT = %b %d %H:%M:%S
#
# Jan 1 01:05:59 
#DAEMON_LOG_TIME_FORMAT = %b %d %I:%M:%S
#
###################################################################### 

#######################################################################
# 
# DAEMON_LOG_MESSAGE_FORMAT: when DenyHosts is run in daemon mode 
# (--daemon flag) this specifies the message format of each logged
# entry.  By default the following format is used:
#
# %(asctime)s - %(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s
#
# Where the "%(asctime)s" portion is expanded to the format
# defined by DAEMON_LOG_TIME_FORMAT
#
# This string is passed to python's logging.Formatter contstuctor.
# For details on the possible format types please refer to:
# http://docs.python.org/lib/node357.html
#
# This is the default:
#DAEMON_LOG_MESSAGE_FORMAT = %(asctime)s - %(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s
#
#
###################################################################### 

 
#######################################################################
#
# DAEMON_SLEEP: when DenyHosts is run in daemon mode (--daemon flag)
# this is the amount of time DenyHosts will sleep between polling
# the SECURE_LOG.  See the comments in the PURGE_DENY section (above)
# for details on specifying this value or for complete details
# refer to:    http://denyhost.sourceforge.net/faq.html#timespec
# 
#
DAEMON_SLEEP = 30s
#
#######################################################################

#######################################################################
#
# DAEMON_PURGE: How often should DenyHosts, when run in daemon mode,
# run the purge mechanism to expire old entries in HOSTS_DENY
# This has no effect if PURGE_DENY is blank.
#
DAEMON_PURGE = 1h
#
#######################################################################


   #########   THESE SETTINGS ARE SPECIFIC TO     ##########
   #########       DAEMON SYNCHRONIZATION         ##########


#######################################################################
#
# Synchronization mode allows the DenyHosts daemon the ability
# to periodically send and receive denied host data such that 
# DenyHosts daemons worldwide can automatically inform one
# another regarding banned hosts.   This mode is disabled by
# default, you must uncomment SYNC_SERVER to enable this mode.
#
# for more information, please refer to: 
#        http:/denyhost.sourceforge.net/faq.html
#
#######################################################################


#######################################################################
#
# SYNC_SERVER: The central server that communicates with DenyHost
# daemons.  
#
# To disable synchronization (the default), do nothing. 
#
# To enable synchronization, you must uncomment the following line:
#SYNC_SERVER = http://deny.resonatingmedia.com:9911
#
#######################################################################

#######################################################################
#
# SYNC_INTERVAL: the interval of time to perform synchronizations if
# SYNC_SERVER has been uncommented.  The default is 1 hour.
# 
#SYNC_INTERVAL = 1h
#
#######################################################################


#######################################################################
#
# SYNC_UPLOAD: allow your DenyHosts daemon to transmit hosts that have
# been denied?  This option only applies if SYNC_SERVER has
# been uncommented.
# The default is SYNC_UPLOAD = yes
#
SYNC_UPLOAD = no
#SYNC_UPLOAD = yes
#
#######################################################################


#######################################################################
#
# SYNC_DOWNLOAD: allow your DenyHosts daemon to receive hosts that have
# been denied by others?  This option only applies if SYNC_SERVER has
# been uncommented.
# The default is SYNC_DOWNLOAD = yes
#
SYNC_DOWNLOAD = no
#SYNC_DOWNLOAD = yes
#
#
#
#######################################################################

#######################################################################
#
# SYNC_DOWNLOAD_THRESHOLD: If SYNC_DOWNLOAD is enabled this parameter
# filters the returned hosts to those that have been blocked this many
# times by others.  That is, if set to 1, then if a single DenyHosts
# server has denied an ip address then you will receive the denied host.
# 
# See also SYNC_DOWNLOAD_RESILIENCY
#
#SYNC_DOWNLOAD_THRESHOLD = 10
#
# The default is SYNC_DOWNLOAD_THRESHOLD = 3 
#
#SYNC_DOWNLOAD_THRESHOLD = 3
#
#######################################################################

#######################################################################
#
# SYNC_DOWNLOAD_RESILIENCY:  If SYNC_DOWNLOAD is enabled then the
# value specified for this option limits the downloaded data
# to this resiliency period or greater.
#
# Resiliency is defined as the timespan between a hackers first known 
# attack and its most recent attack.  Example:
# 
# If the centralized  denyhosts.net server records an attack at 2 PM 
# and then again at 5 PM, specifying a SYNC_DOWNLOAD_RESILIENCY = 4h 
# will not download this ip address.
#
# However, if the attacker is recorded again at 6:15 PM then the 
# ip address will be downloaded by your DenyHosts instance.  
#
# This value is used in conjunction with the SYNC_DOWNLOAD_THRESHOLD 
# and only hosts that satisfy both values will be downloaded.  
# This value has no effect if SYNC_DOWNLOAD_THRESHOLD = 1 
#
# The default is SYNC_DOWNLOAD_RESILIENCY = 5h (5 hours)
#
# Only obtain hackers that have been at it for 2 days or more:
#SYNC_DOWNLOAD_RESILIENCY = 2d
#
# Only obtain hackers that have been at it for 5 hours or more:
#SYNC_DOWNLOAD_RESILIENCY = 5h
#
#######################################################################

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