ghostscript 命令详解

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Ghostscript（gs）是一套提供 PostScript 功能的软件。

ghostscript 命令安装：

-bash/zsh: ghostscript command not not found

# Windows (WSL2)
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install ghostscript

# Debian
apt-get install ghostscript

# Ubuntu
apt-get install ghostscript

# Alpine
apk add ghostscript

# Arch Linux
pacman -S ghostscript

# Kali Linux
apt-get install ghostscript

# CentOS
yum install ghostscript

# Fedora
dnf install ghostscript

# OS X
brew install ghostscript

# Raspbian
apt-get install ghostscript

# Docker
docker run cmd.cat/ghostscript ghostscript

ghostscript 命令补充说明：

Ghostscript

Ghostscript - gs 是一套软件，它提供了一个 PostScript 解释器、一组 C 程序（Ghostscript 库，用于实现 PostScript 语言中的图形功能）以及一个可移植文档格式 (PDF) 文件解释器。

Ghostscript 将 PostScript 代码转换为许多常见的位图格式，例如您的打印机或屏幕可以识别的格式。Ghostscript 通常用于显示 PostScript 文件以及将 PostScript 文件打印到非 PostScript 打印机。如果您需要显示 PostScript 文件或将其打印到非 PostScript 打印机，则应安装 Ghostscript。安装 Ghostscript 时，还需要安装 ghostscript-fonts 软件包。

gs（gswin32c、gswin32、gsos2）命令会调用 Ghostscript，它是 Adobe Systems 的 PostScript 和 PDF 语言的解释器。gs 按顺序读取“文件”，并将其作为 Ghostscript 程序执行。执行完毕后，它会从标准输入流（通常是键盘）读取更多输入，并逐行解释。当遇到 quit 命令（无论是在文件中还是通过键盘输入）、文件结束或收到中断信号（例如键盘上的 Control-C）时，解释器会正常退出。

ghostscript 命令语法：

gs [ options ] [ files ] ... (Unix, VMS)
gswin32c [ options ] [ files ] ... (MS Windows)
gswin32 [ options ] [ files ] ... (MS Windows 3.1)
gsos2 [ options ] [ files ] ... (OS/2)

ghostscript 环境：

GS_OPTIONS
      String of options to be processed before the command line options

GS_DEVICE
      Used to specify an output device

GS_FONTPATH
      Path names used to search for fonts

GS_LIB
Path names for initialization files and fonts

TEMP
Where temporary files are made

ghostscript Special Names：

-dDISKFONTS
Causes individual character outlines to be loaded from the disk the first time they are encountered. (Normally Ghostscript loads all the character outlines when it loads a font.) This may allow loading more fonts into RAM, at the expense of slower rendering.

-dNOCACHE
Disables character caching. Useful only for debugging.

-dNOBIND
Disables the "bind" operator. Useful only for debugging.

-dNODISPLAY
Suppresses the normal initialization of the output device. This may be useful when debugging.

-dNOPAUSE
Disables the prompt and pause at the end of each page. This may be desirable for applications where another program is driving Ghostscript.

-dNOPLATFONTS
Disables the use of fonts supplied by the underlying platform (for instance X Windows). This may be needed if the platform fonts look undesirably different from the scalable fonts.

-dSAFER
Disables the "deletefile" and "renamefile" operators and the ability to open files in any mode other than read-only. This strongly recommended for spoolers, conversion scripts or other sensitive environments where a badly written or malicious PostScript program code must be prevented from changing important files.

-dWRITESYSTEMDICT
Leaves "systemdict" writable. This is necessary when running special utility programs such as font2c and pcharstr, which must bypass normal PostScript access protection.

-sDEVICE=device
Selects an alternate initial output device, as described above.

-sOutputFile=filename
Selects an alternate output file (or pipe) for the initial output device, as described above.

ghostscript / gs 命令实例：

gs 命令会将 input.pdf 文件转换为名为 output.jpg 的 JPEG 图像文件。：

gs -sDEVICE=jpeg -o output.jpg input.pdf

ghostscript / gs 命令生成一个简单的 PDF 文件：

## Create a sample PDF file
echo "This is a sample PDF file." > sample.pdf

gs 命令使 sample.pdf 转换成一个图片 -o sample.jpg：

gs -sDEVICE=jpeg -o sample.jpg sample.pdf

上述命令默认使用如下选项配置：

-sDEVICE=jpeg: Specifies the output device as JPEG.
-o sample.jpg: Specifies the output file name as sample.jpg.
sample.pdf: The input PDF file to be converted.

要将 PDF 文件转换为 PNG 图像，可以使用 gs 执行以下命令：

gs -sDEVICE=png16m -o sample.png sample.pdf

------------
GPL Ghostscript 9.55.0: Rendering page 1...

此命令的唯一区别在于 -sDEVICE=png16m 选项，该选项指定输出设备为 16 位彩色 PNG 图像。

使用 gs 命令优化 sample_large.pdf 文件（类似 ILovePDF 网站提供的功能）：

gs -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dCompatibilityLevel=1.4 -dPDFSETTINGS=/screen -dNOPAUSE -dQUIET -dBATCH -sOutputFile=sample_optimized.pdf sample_large.pdf

上述优化 PDF 命令说明：

-sDEVICE=pdfwrite: Specifies the output device as PDF.
-dCompatibilityLevel=1.4: Sets the PDF compatibility level to 1.4.
-dPDFSETTINGS=/screen: Optimizes the PDF for on-screen viewing.
-dNOPAUSE -dQUIET -dBATCH: Suppresses the progress output and runs Ghostscript in batch mode.
-sOutputFile=sample_optimized.pdf: Specifies the output file name as sample_optimized.pdf.
sample_large.pdf: The input PDF file to be optimized.